20 Human Cognitive Biases Explained by Steve Stewart Williams

Excellent summary of 20 cognitive biases by psychologist Steve Stewart-Williams.  His Intro:

The human mind is a remarkable piece of biological engineering. It’s capable of an astonishing range of feats like inventing calculus, composing rock operas, and putting spacecraft on other planets. But it’s also capable of an equally astonishing range of predictable reasoning errors. Psychologists call these cognitive biases, and they’re as common as the common cold.

In this post, I’ll outline 20 major biases that distort our judgments about evidence, ourselves, and the world. Once you learn about them, you’ll start seeing them everywhere: in politics, in the news, on social media - and occasionally even in your own thinking. (Mostly, though, in other people’s.)

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Sons’ DNA Found in Mothers’ Brains

Amazing!

Anish Moonka:

You have your mother's cells in your brain right now. If she ever carried you, yours are in hers. Scientists looked at the brains of 59 women after they died, ages 32 to 101. In 63% of them, they found their sons' DNA scattered across different brain regions. The cells had traveled from the womb, through the blood, past the wall that normally keeps foreign material out of the brain, and settled in. The oldest woman still carrying her son's cells in her brain was 94. In mice, those cells became functional brain cells. The transfer starts as early as 7 weeks into pregnancy. Your cells slip through the placenta into your mother's body. Hers slips into yours. One study found a mother still had her son's cells in her blood 27 years after giving birth. After delivery, between 50 and 75% of women carry their child's cells. During pregnancy, up to 6% of a woman's blood DNA comes from the baby.

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The Efficiency of the Human Brain and AI

Fascinating post quoting Elon Musk on the efficiency of the brain and the potential efficiency of AI:

Well, we have a clear example of efficient power, efficient compute, which is the human brain. Our brains use about 20 watts of power, and only about 10 watts is higher brain function. Half of it is just housekeeping, keeping your heart going and breathing.

So you’ve got maybe 10 watts of higher brain function in a human, and we’ve managed to build civilization with 10 watts of a biological computer. Given that humans are capable of inventing general relativity and quantum mechanics, inventing aircraft, lasers, the internet, and discovering physics with a 10-watt meat computer, there’s clearly a massive opportunity for improving the efficiency of AI compute. Right now, even a hundred-megawatt or gigawatt AI supercomputer can’t do everything a human can do. But we already have the proof that true intelligence can emerge from just 10 watts. That should lead you to one conclusion, AI can get a lot more efficient.

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