Origins, Worms and Germs

I recently visited New York City, where I attended a business conference. 

After the conference was over, I was able to spend three hours at the American Museum of Natural History. It was well worth a visit for numerous reasons.  For instance, the ocean life exhibit contains a full-size model of a blue whale hanging from the ceiling.  You might think that you would rather see a real blue whale, but that is unlikely because so little is known about blue whales.  The suspended model of the blue whale was as long as three school buses.  A real blue whale weighs as much as 24 elephants.  It was incredible to behold even the model of such an immense animal, the heaviest animal that has ever lived on earth.

My main goal was to view the newly-opened Spitzer Hall of Human Origins, and I was not disappointed.  The exhibit contains numerous well-designed displays of fossil evidence. Additional exhibits presented information regarding DNA, the geographic distribution of our ancestors and lots of information regarding the development of language, music and various human cognitive capacities.

Smack in the middle of the human origins exhibit is a replica of the Australopithecine footsteps discovered at Laetoli. Rather than simply show a large cast of the footsteps, the exhibitors included models of a male and female adult Australopithecus in the process of walking along the path of the Laetoli footprints.  The Australopithecus people were surprisingly short, not much taller than my waist.  They were naked, walking in a dignified way, side-by-side, along the path.  I found myself transported by that exhibit, imagining what it would of been like to live three or four million years ago.  I also thought of how lucky we are to have access to fossils that allow us to visualize what people looked like 3.6 million years ago as they walked on wet volcanic ash.

While I was standing there, thinking about the exhibit, a tall, obese, slovenly and loudmouthed couple walked up and looked at that same Laetoli exhibit.  The woman looked at the man and said “That’s just stupid.  It just is.”  They stayed for three seconds before leaving.

Not everything was so unpleasant that day.  One exhibit included a monitor that played video clips of well-known scientists commenting on evolution. Kenneth Miller appeared to remind me that without evolution to tie it all together, “biology is little more than stamp collecting.”

The Hall of Biodiversity contains preserved specimens of many hundreds of animal species.  I found myself looking at the earthworm portion of the exhibit and marveling at Charles Darwin’s quote: “It may be doubted if there are any other animals which have played such an important part in the history of the world.”  That quote got me thinking.  Without the earthworms to work the soil, many plant species would not have thrived.

This brought to mind Jared Diamond’s book, Guns, Germs and Steel.  One of the main points of that work is that huge-seeming human accomplishments would never have happened without innocuous-seeming precursors.  As Diamond describes in detail, it was not that Europeans were so smart that they ended up controlling much of the world.  Rather, it was a matter of great luck.  They happened to have a terrific combination of food plants and herding animals available to them.  This combination served as energy packed sources of nutrition that many other cultures lacked.  What did the Europeans end up doing with that extra time on their hands, now that they didn’t have to work all day long hunting and gathering?  Here’s what: Reading and writing and exploring and all those other incredibly important cultural things.

Without earthworms, then, I wouldn’t have been able to go to a great museum. There wouldn’t have been any museum.  There wouldn’t have been cars or airplanes or electricity. 

Which brings us back to the humble earthworm.  Without earthworms, we couldn’t have made use of all those plants and animals upon which we relied so heavily, according to Diamond.  We wouldn’t have had that extra time and energy for developing additional tools that enabled the development of a culture that was unlike anything the world had seen previously.

Or is that “just stupid” too?

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Erich Vieth

Erich Vieth is an attorney focusing on civil rights (including First Amendment), consumer law litigation and appellate practice. At this website often writes about censorship, corporate news media corruption and cognitive science. He is also a working musician, artist and a writer, having founded Dangerous Intersection in 2006. Erich lives in St. Louis, Missouri with his two daughters.

This Post Has 7 Comments

  1. Avatar of Matt
    Matt

    Does anyone want to explain the "little more than stamp collecting" quote?

  2. Avatar of Ben
    Ben

    Next time make sure you see the Rose Science Center!

    Rose Center for Earth and Space

    at the American Museum of Natural History

    Your Passport to the Universe

    "The new Hayden Sphere, which weighs 4 million pounds and measures 87 feet in diameter, is the largest and most powerful virtual reality simulator in the world. Before entering the upper hemisphere where Passport to the Universe is shown, beautifully rendered videos offer some basic astronomical information. Once inside, a Zeiss Mark IX Star Projector and the Digital Dome System fly you through the biggest data-based model of the universe ever projected. As if there weren’t enough stars involved, the center’s two shows are narrated by Academy Award winners Tom Hanks and Jodie Foster."

    http://www.ny.com/museums/rosecenter.html

    http://www.ny.com/museums/rosecenter1.html

    http://www.ny.com/museums/rosecenter2.html

    http://www.studiolo.org/AMNH-Planetarium/index.ht

    It is one of the best museums I have ever been to.

    http://www.ny.com/museums/rosecenter3.html

    "The Scales of the Universe, a 400-foot-long walkway on the second level, uses the Hayden Sphere to illustrate the astounding range of sizes in the universe. Seamlessly combining astronomy, molecular biology and particle physics, the exhibit offers visitors a way to understand the sizes of the observable universe, galaxies, stars, planets, and other objects down to the smallest subatomic particles. For example, when the Hayden Sphere is the sun, the Earth is a ten inch sphere along the pathway. The perfectly rendered models of Jupiter and Saturn soaring overhead are a wonderful piece of what is by far the most creative exhibit in the new Rose Center."

  3. Avatar of Erich Vieth
    Erich Vieth

    Matt: re stamp collecting. Without an overall theory to explain the overall relationship among the many species, biologists are are largely limited to looking at thing after thing after thing.

  4. Avatar of Dan Klarmann
    Dan Klarmann

    Stamp collecting: A process of labeling, identifying and collecting with only glancing attempts to understand the relations between or greater contributions of the objects at hand.

    Actually biophysics, physical chemistry, organic chemistry, and genetics add meaning to the science of biology without requiring direct reference to evolution. But evolution theory predated those other sciences by generations, and contributed to the evolution of those sciences.

    If you like this description, don't tell me; philately gets you nowhere!

  5. Avatar of projektleiterin
    projektleiterin

    "As Diamond describes in detail, it was not that Europeans were so smart that they ended up controlling much of the world. Rather, it was a matter of great luck. They happened to have a terrific combination of food plants and herding animals available to them."

    There were so many great sophisticated civilizations in all parts of the worlds in the past when Europeans still clung to beliefs such as the flatness of the earth. They came and went. One day the dominance of the European culture will probably also wane and give way to another culture as it happened in the past.

  6. Avatar of grumpypilgrim
    grumpypilgrim

    "Does anyone want to explain the “little more than stamp collecting” quote?"

    Biblical creationism reduces biology to that of merely collecting and cataloging pretty objects — like stamp collecting, but with skeletons instead of stamps. Evolution provides a narrative that not only explains the fossil record, but provides a basis upon which to make predictions about the morphology and chronology of undiscovered fossils — predictions that have been repeatedly confirmed.

  7. Avatar of projektleiterin
    projektleiterin

    "Does anyone want to explain the “little more than stamp collecting” quote?"

    If you want to you can visit me and I will show you my stamp collection. 😀

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